The blockchain layer provides a tamper-evident and auditable record of spectrum enforcement by committing each RU’s estimated power to the Ethereum network. A smart contract retains only the most precise evidence via a minimum-area update rule, while large sensor data remains off-chain, and only integrity hashes are stored on-chain to reduce gas costs.
Finalization follows a batched challenge process, where records are confirmed only after block-level verification and validator attestations, enabling scalable, low-cost, and trustworthy enforcement